Practice of immersion in hot water to relieve pain in neonatology: an integrative review / Práctica de inmersión en agua caliente para aliviar el dolor en neonatología: una revisión integradora / Prática da imersão em água quente no alívio da dor em neonatologia: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify immersion use in hot water to relieve pain in newborns. Methods: an integrative literature review, carried out in the PubMed, VHL, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and SciELO databases, with investigations in English, Spanish, French or Portuguese, published between 2002 and 2022. The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used to answer the following question: what are the uses of hot water immersion in relieving pain in newborns? Results: nine studies were included, mainly Brazilian, experimental, with a predominance of strong and moderate levels of evidence. Hydrotherapy and bath use (immersion and bandaging) was observed, promising interventions in reducing pain scores, assessed using scales, physiological and endocrine parameters. Conclusions: hot water proved to be a promising non-pharmacological intervention in relieving pain in infants in different contexts.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar el uso de la inmersión en agua caliente para aliviar el dolor en recién nacidos. Métodos: revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, BVS, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane y SciELO, con investigaciones en inglés, español, francés o portugués, publicadas entre 2002 y 2022. Se utilizaron los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) y los Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) para responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuáles son los usos de la inmersión en agua caliente para aliviar el dolor en los recién nacidos? Resultados: fueron incluidos nueve estudios, principalmente brasileños, experimentales, con predominio de niveles de evidencia fuerte y moderado. Se observó el uso de hidroterapia y baños (inmersión y vendaje), intervenciones prometedoras en la reducción de las puntuaciones de dolor, evaluadas mediante escalas y parámetros fisiológicos y endocrinos. Conclusiones: el agua caliente demostró ser una intervención no farmacológica prometedora para aliviar el dolor en neonatos en diferentes contextos.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar o emprego da imersão em água quente no alívio da dor em neonatos. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane e SciELO, com investigações em inglês, espanhol, francês ou português, publicadas entre 2002 e 2022. Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) para responder à seguinte inquietação: quais são os empregos da imersão em água quente no alívio da dor em neonatos? Resultados: foram incluídos nove estudos, principalmente brasileiros, experimentais, predominando o nível de evidência forte e moderada. Foram observados o emprego da hidroterapia e banhos (imersão e enfaixado), intervenções promissoras na redução do escore álgico, avaliados por meio de escalas, parâmetros fisiológicos e endócrinos. Conclusões: a água quente se mostrou uma intervenção não farmacológica promissora no alívio da dor de neonatos em diferentes contextos.

Research progress of association on flow experience and adolescents mental health / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The popularity of electronic devices helps the spread of the flow experience. Flow experience affects many aspects of life for adolescents as for its double articulation. In order to provide suggestions for the improvement in adolescent mental health, this paper reviews flow experience and adolescent mental health in different situations. In learning situation, the state of flow makes a difference in students self confidence, learning experience, positive affect in school, positivity, self esteem and self efficacy, etc., at the same time, it is beneficial to relieve academic pressure and academic procrastination. In entertainment situation, the state of flow experience directly leads to addiction, and indirectly affects online game addiction by the mediating roles of self control and cognitive bias.

Estimulando la competencia comunicativa en alumnado con tea a partir de un entorno gamificado aumentado1 / Stimulating communicative competence in students with asd from an augmented gamified environment

RESUMEN Esta investigación analiza el potencial de un Entorno Gamificado Aumentado (EGA) para estimular la Competencia Comunicativa (CC) en personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) de entre 3 y 17 años. La metodología es cuantitativa, empírica no experimental (N=54), de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, con carácter exploratorio y analítico. Cuyos objetivos son: 1) analizar si el EGA estimula la CC; 2) estudiar la relación entre el nivel competencial y el grado de inmersión e interacción del alumnado con la tablet; y 3) inferir la relación entre la CC y el género, edad, grado de TEA y tipo de lenguaje. Los resultados resaltan que la experiencia gamificada con realidad aumentada estimula notablemente la CC en este alumnado. Además, se constata que, a mayor inmersión en el entorno gamificado, el alumnado alcanza mayor CC, y viceversa. Se observa la polarización de los resultados según la singularidad del alumnado: cerca de la mitad demuestra tener un nivel competencial alto, y otra gran parte presenta un nivel bajo o muy bajo. Concretamente, los sujetos mayores, con grado de TEA ligero, lenguaje oral funcional y sin comorbilidad presentan un nivel competencial más alto. La interacción con recursos digitales y de realidad aumentada en un entorno gamificado se constituye en una herramienta idónea para la estimulación del alumnado con TEA.

ABSTRACT This research analyzes the potential of an Augmented Gamified Environment (AEG) to stimulate Communicative Competence (CC) in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) between 3 and 17 years of age. The methodology is quantitative, empirical, non-experimental (N=54), descriptive and correlational, with an exploratory and analytical nature. The objectives were: 1) to analyze if the EGA stimulates the CC; 2) to study the relationship between the level of competence and the degree of immersion and interaction of the students with the tablet; and 3) to infer the relationship between CC and gender, age, degree of ASD and type of language. The results highlight that the gamified experience with augmented reality significantly stimulates CC in these students. In addition, it is verified that, the greater the immersion in the gamified environment, the students reach a higher CC, and vice versa. The polarization of the results is observed according to the uniqueness of the students: close to half show a high level of competence, and another large part have a low or very low level. Specifically, older subjects, with a slight degree of ASD, functional oral language and no comorbidity present a higher level of competence. Interaction with digital and augmented reality resources in a gamified environment constitutes an ideal tool for stimulating students with ASD.

Randomized trial with soaps - what happens to a newborn baby's skin?

Abstract Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a children's soap with physiological pH in maintaining cutaneous pH and moisture of the newborn (NB)'s skin after the first bath. Methods: Randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial in a rooming-in of a tertiary maternity hospital in southern Brazil with 204 newborns > 34 gestational weeks. Gestational and obstetric history was evaluated, and newborns were randomized into two groups according to the product applied in the bath: the control group (CG), which used common liquid soap with pH 7.0 and experimental group (EG), which used children's liquid soap with pH 5.8. Evaluation was made immediately before and after bath with skin pH measurement, corneometry and clinical parameters (erythema, scaling and moisture), on the forehead, abdomen and thigh. Results: There was no difference between groups regarding gestational, obstetric and family history (p > 0.05). In CG, skin pH increased in the abdomen and thigh (p < 0.05). In EG there was an improvement in clinical parameters after bathing with: increased moisture, less erythema and less scaling (p < 0.05). On the forehead, there was a significant increase in pH after bathing (p < 0.001) similar in both groups, although no use of soap. There was no difference in corneometry between groups after bathing. Conclusions: Children's liquid soap with physiological pH maintained the acidic skin pH and moisture of the newborn's skin after the first bath, which reinforces the importance of using products with physiological pH in the hygiene of newborns. Registration number RBR-9ky84vd.

Ocular biometry in dense cataracts: Comparison of partial-coherence interferometry, swept-source optical coherence tomography and immersion ultrasound

Purpose: To assess the axial length (AL) measurement failure rate using partial?coherence interferometry (PCI) and swept?source optical coherence tomography (SS?OCT) in dense cataracts. As a secondary outcome, the SS?OCT biometry was compared to immersion ultrasound. Methods: This is a prospective cross?sectional and comparative study. Seventy eyes from 70 patients with dense cataracts were enrolled in this study. Dense cataract was defined according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) scores equal to or more than NO4, NC4, C4, and P3. The failure rate of AL measurement was evaluated using PCI and SS?OCT. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and AL measurements obtained by SS?OCT were compared with IUS. Results: AL measurement failure rate with PCI was 68.57% and 21.43% with SS?OCT (P = 0.007). AL measurement was achieved in 69.23% of NO4, 66.6% of P3, and 15.3% of mixed cataracts using PCI, while SS?OCT was achieved in 100% of NO4, NO5, P3, and P5 and 76.9% of mixed cataracts. Cortical cataracts alone did not influence AL measurement. Biometric data of ACD, LT, and AL were statistically different comparing US and SS?OCT with a good correlation of AL. Conclusion: SS?OCT significantly improves the rate of successful AL measurements when compared to PCI in dense cataracts. The LOCS III clinical cut?off for the use of SS?OCT ocular biometry may well be up to P4 and NO5

Application research of objective teaching guided by immersion education theory in psychiatry practice teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the role of objective teaching guided by immersion education theory in the practice teaching of undergraduates majoring in psychiatry.Methods:Two classes of undergraduates majoring in psychiatry in Batch 2018 were randomly selected as the study group and the control group. A total of 35 students in the control group had traditional teaching, and 37 students in the study group had objective teaching guided by immersion education theory, both with half a semester of teaching. After the teaching, the theoretical knowledge examination scores and skills assessment scores, comprehensive ability (self-learning ability, communication ability, clinical thinking, innovation ability, and humanistic care ability), and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were compared. SPSS 26.0 was used for t-test, Chi-square test, and rank sum test. Results:After the teaching, the theoretical knowledge examination scores (basic medicine, clinical medicine, clinical psychology, and psychiatry), skill assessment scores (physical examination, and mental examination), self-learning ability, communication ability, clinical thinking, innovation ability, and humanistic care ability of the study group were all higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The teaching satisfaction degree of the study group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Objective teaching guided by immersion education theory can improve the scores of professional theoretical knowledge scores and skills assessment scores of undergraduates majoring in psychiatry, and improve teaching satisfaction.

Positividade de culturas por modalidades de banho no leito hospitalar: estudo ecológico / Positividad de culturas por modalidades de baño en cama hospitalaria: estudio ecológico / Culture positivity by hospital bath bed modalities: an ecological study

Resumo Objetivo Verificar positividade de culturas microbiológicas de pacientes hospitalizados, com prescrição de enfermagem para banho no leito, em três períodos disjuntos e sequenciais das modalidades de banho no leito: convencional (BLC), descartável (BLD) e descartável acrescido de clorexidina degermante à 2% (BLD-CX). Métodos Estudo ecológico, tipo séries temporais de 48 meses, em três períodos (P1=BLC; P2=BLD; P3=BLD-CX), com dados secundários de prontuário eletrônico, de pacientes que estiveram internados em hospital do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados Nos períodos de banhos descartáveis, o percentual de positividade foi, em média, 14,6% menor quando comparado aos meses cujo banho de leito foi convencional. No período de BLD-CX o percentual de positividade foi, em média, 19,3% menor quando comparado aos meses do período de BLC. Contudo, não há evidências de diferença no percentual de positividade entre o BLD (b = -14,6%; IC95% = (-18,9% a -10,3%) e o BLD-CX (b = - 19,3%; IC95% = (-24,4% a -14,22%). A cada ano a mais na idade média do paciente, o percentual de positividade aumenta, em média 0,3% (p=0,060). Não houve associação sazonal para positividades das culturas microbiológicas nas modalidades de banho. Conclusão A positividade de culturas microbiológicas, em pacientes com prescrição de enfermagem para banho no leito, é menor quando se utiliza as modalidades descartáveis. Recomenda-se adotar rotineiramente o BLD, deixando a prescrição de BLD-CX, somente para degermação da pele para procedimentos invasivos, operatórios e higienização das mãos de profissionais de saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Verificar los resultados positivos de culturas microbiológicas de pacientes hospitalizados, con prescripción de enfermería de baño en cama, en tres períodos disjuntos y secuenciales de las modalidades de baño en cama: convencional (BCC), descartable (BCD) y descartable con clorhexidina al 2 % (BCD-CX). Métodos Estudio ecológico, tipo series temporales de 48 meses, en tres períodos (P1=BCC; P2=BCD; P3=BCD-CX), con datos secundarios de historia clínica electrónica, de pacientes que estuvieron internados en hospital del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados En los períodos de baños descartables, el porcentaje de resultados positivos presentó un promedio 14,6 % inferior en comparación con los meses en que el baño en cama fue convencional. Durante el período de BCD-CX el porcentaje de resultados positivos fue, en promedio, 19,3 % inferior en comparación con los meses del período de BCC. Sin embargo, no hay evidencias de diferencias en el porcentaje de resultados positivos entre el BCD (b = -14,6 %; IC95 % = (-18,9 % a -10,3 %) y el BLD-CX (b = - 19,3 %; IC95 % = (-24,4 % a -14,22 %). Por cada año que se suma a la edad promedio del paciente, el porcentaje de resultados positivos aumenta en promedio 0,3 % (p=0,060). No se verificó una asociación estacional en las respuestas positivas de las culturas microbiológicas en las modalidades de baños. Conclusión Los resultados positivos de culturas microbiológicas de pacientes con prescripción de enfermería de baño en cama son menores cuando se utilizan las modalidades descartables. Se recomienda adoptar de forma rutinaria el BCD y dejar la prescripción de BCD-CX solo para la eliminación de los gérmenes de la piel en procedimientos invasivos, quirúrgicos e higienización de manos de los profesionales de salud.

Abstract Objective To verify microbiological culture positivity of hospitalized patients, with a nursing prescription for bed bath, in three disjoint and sequential periods of bed bath modalities: conventional (CBB), disposable (DBB) and disposable plus 2% chlorhexidine degerming (DBB-CX). Methods This is an ecological, time series study of 48 months, in three periods (P1=CBB; P2=DBB; P3=DBB-CX), with secondary data from electronic medical records of patients who were admitted to a hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results In the periods of disposable baths, the percentage of culture positivity was, on average, 14.6% lower when compared to the months in which bed bath was conventional. In the DBB-CX period, the percentage of culture positivity was, on average, 19.3% lower when compared to the CBB period months. However, there is no evidence of difference in the percentage of culture positivity between DBB (b = -14.6%; 95%CI = (-18.9% to -10.3%) and DBB-CX (b = - 19.3%;95%CI = (-24.4% to -14.22%) For each year more in patients' mean age, the percentage of culture positivity increases by an average of 0.3% (p=0.060). There was no seasonal association for microbiological culture positivity in bath modalities. Conclusion Microbiological culture positivity in patients with a nursing prescription for bed bath is lower when disposable modalities are used. It is recommended to routinely adopt DBB, leaving the prescription of DBB-CX only for skin degermation for invasive and operative procedures and hand hygiene of health professionals.

Successful Replantation Despite Improper Storage of Amputated Thumb: A Case Report

@#Replantation of fingers is highly complex and technically challenging. Surgeons are serious with their selection criteria as many factors are involved in determining good surgical outcome. Improper storages of amputated parts are usually denied the option for replantation. We report a 42-year-old lady who was assaulted with a machete and presented with total amputation of left thumb. The amputated thumb was stored in a plastic bag directly on ice cubes which eventually melted; thumb immersed in water for two hours. On examination, the amputated thumb was neither macerated nor frozen. Replantation was attempted and was successful. There are limited reports on proper methods of storage of amputated fingers pertaining to daily practical scenario. Yet, it is a strict criterion for surgeons in attempting replantation. Direct contact of amputated fingers on ice and immersion in hypotonic solutions leads to irreversible tissue damage. In our case, two hours of unfavourable storage did not affect surgical outcome. In conclusion, clinical assessment of the amputated part is essential in deciding for replantation. Combination of direct contact with ice and immersion in hypotonic solution for two hours should not be a contraindication for replantation.

Protective effects of valproic acid on cardiac and cerebral injury in rats subjected to severe scalding combined with seawater immersion injury with delayed fluid replacement / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects o f valproic acid on cardiac and cerebral injury in rats subjected to severe scalding combined with seawater immersion injury with delayed fluid replacement. METHODS The rats were divided into scalding+delayed fluid replacement group （group S ），scalding+seawater immersion+delayed fluid replacement group （group SS ）， scalding+seawater immersion+valproic acid+delayed fluid replacement group （group SSV ）according to random number table ，with 60 rats in each group. All groups were subjected to 35％total body surface area third-degree full-thickness scalding with boiled water. Group SS and group SSV were immersed in artificial ；seawater（30 min）immediately after scalding ，and group SSV was subcutaneously injected with valproic acid 300 mg/kg immediately after out of water. Sodium lactate Ringer ’s 0314-2279277。E-mail：125467374@qq.com injection was injected intravenously within 30 minutes according to 1/2 Parkland formula at 2 h after scalding in each group for delayed fluid replacement. The death time of rats was recorded ，and the average survival time and 24 h survival rate of rats in each group were calculat ed. Mean arterial pressure （MAP），heart rate （HR），respiration rate （RR），rectal temperature （RT），arterial blood pH ，arterial partial pressure of oxygen （PaO2），arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO2），HCO3－，creatine kinase MB isoenzyme （CK-MB）and neuron specific enolase （NSE）were detected before scalding ，at 0，2，5 h after scalding. The pathological changes of cardiac and cerebral tissue were observed. RESULTS The 24 h survival rate of group SS （55％）was significantly lower than that of group S （90％）， while that of group SSV （75％）was increased significantly ，compared with group SS （P＜0.05）. Compared with group S ，the levels of MAP ，RT，HR，pH，PaO2 and HCO 3－ in group SS were significantly lowered ，while the levels of CK-MB and NSE were increased significantly at 0，2，5 h after scalding ；the levels of PaCO 2 were increased significantly at 2，5 h after scalding ， while the levels of RR were decreased significantly at 0，2 h after scalding （P＜0.05）. Compared with group SS ，the levels of MAP，RT，HR，pH，PaO2 and HCO 3－ in group SSV were significantly increased ，while the levels of PaCO 2，CK-MB and NSE were decreased significantly at 2，5 h after scalding ；the level of RR was increased significantly at 2 h after scalding （P＜0.05）. At 2，5 h after scalding ，cardiac and cerebral injury of rats in group SS were aggravated significantly than that in group S ；cardiac and cerebral injury of rats in group SSV were relieved significantly than that in group SS. CONCLUSIONS After severe scalding combined seawater immersion injury ，hypodermic injection of sodium valproate could protect cardiac and cerebral function of rats ， improve vital signs and blood gas index ，prolong survival time and improve survival rate in rats.

Insecticide resistance tendency and prevention strategies of Aedes albopictus in Yangpu District， Shanghai， China / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the resistance development of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Yangpu District of Shanghai， China， and to provide scientific bases for the control of A. albopictus and the emergency treatment of dengue fever. Methods The larva immersion method recommended by WHO was used to assay the median lethal concentration （LC50） of A. albopictus larva. SPSS 25.0 was used to calculate the toxicity baselines of insecticides. Results A. albopictus kept a medium resistance to beta-cypermethrin， and the resistance ratios were 14.44， 10.00， 17.78， respectively， in 2015， 2017， 2019. The mosquitos kept a high resistance to permethrin， and the resistance ratios were 54.00， 140.00， 52.00 respectively， in 2015， 2017， 2019. Besides， A. albopictus also kept a medium resistance to propoxur， and the resistance ratios were 15.34， 13.06， 10.83 respectively， in 2015， 2017， 2019. To deltamethrin， A. albopictus showed high resistance in 2015 and medium resistance in 2017， the resistance ratios were 40.00 and 35.00. To temephos， A. albopictus showed low resistance in 2015， with the resistance ratio of 9.38. Conclusion A. albopictus has developed high resistance to permethrin in Yangpu District of Shanghai， and cautious and reduced use of permethrin is suggested. It is necessary to implement and adopt the strategy of comprehensive management， in order to establish the long-term mechanism for mosquito control and prevention.

Celiotomia e gastrotomia para remoção cirúrgica de corpos estranhos em axolote (Ambystoma mexicanum): relato de caso / Celiotomy and gastrotomy for surgical removal of foreign bodies in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): case report

A ingestão de corpos estranhos em aquários artificiais é uma ocorrência frequente observada na clínica cirúrgica de anfíbios criados como pets, o que inclui os axolotes (Ambystoma mexicanum). O presente relato descreve um caso de ingestão de sete corpos estranhos em um axolote macho, de cinco meses de idade, com histórico de abaulamento irregular e irredutível da superfície corpórea ventral, de consistência firme. Na anamnese foi informado que o animal habitava um aquário com substrato de cascalhos. Ao exame físico, o axolote apresentou bom estado geral e parâmetros vitais dentro da normalidade para a espécie. Os materiais deglutidos foram identificados em região gástrica por meio de exame radiográfico corpóreo total, e suas características condiziam com o substrato utilizado no aquário do paciente. Como protocolo anestésico, foi priorizada a imersão em Isofluorano e gás oxigênio, com o objetivo de atingir a via branquial e, ocasionalmente, transdérmica. A remoção cirúrgica foi feita através de celiotomia e gastrotomia em ambiente aquático com temperatura, pH e coleção bacteriana controlados, conforme literatura disponível e tendo em consideração a natureza, diâmetro e localização dos corpos estranhos. Após cinco e quinze dias do procedimento, acompanhou-se a cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, sendo possível constatar bom restabelecimento da continuidade dos tecidos e bom estado geral do paciente.

The ingestion of foreign bodies in artificial aquariums is a frequent occurrence observed in the surgical clinic of amphibians raised as pets, which includes axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum). The present report describes a case of ingestion of seven foreign bodies in a male axolotl, five months old, with a history of irregular and irreducible bulging of the ventral body surface, with firm consistency. In the anamnesis, it was reported that the animal inhabited an aquariums with gravel substrate. On physical examination, the axolotl showed good general condition and vital parameters within the normal range for the species. The swallowed materials were identified in the gastric region by means of total body radiographic examination, and their characteristics were consistent with the substrate used in the patient’s aquarium. As anesthetic protocol, immersion in Isofluorane and oxygen gas was prioritized, in order to reach the branchial and, occasionally, transdermal route. Surgical removal was performed through celiotomy and gastrotomy in an aquatic environment with controlled temperature, pH and bacterial collection, according to available literature and taking into account the nature, diameter and location of foreign bodies. After five and fifteen days of the procedure, the healing of the surgical wound was monitored, showing a good restoration of tissue continuity and a good general condition of the patient.

Celiotomia e gastrotomia para remoção cirúrgica de corpos estranhos em axolote (Ambystoma mexicanum): relato de caso / Celiotomy and gastrotomy for surgical removal of foreign bodies in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): case report

A ingestão de corpos estranhos em aquários artificiais é uma ocorrência frequente observada na clínica cirúrgica de anfíbios criados como pets, o que inclui os axolotes (Ambystoma mexicanum). O presente relato descreve um caso de ingestão de sete corpos estranhos em um axolote macho, de cinco meses de idade, com histórico de abaulamento irregular e irredutível da superfície corpórea ventral, de consistência firme. Na anamnese foi informado que o animal habitava um aquário com substrato de cascalhos. Ao exame físico, o axolote apresentou bom estado geral e parâmetros vitais dentro da normalidade para a espécie. Os materiais deglutidos foram identificados em região gástrica por meio de exame radiográfico corpóreo total, e suas características condiziam com o substrato utilizado no aquário do paciente. Como protocolo anestésico, foi priorizada a imersão em Isofluorano e gás oxigênio, com o objetivo de atingir a via branquial e, ocasionalmente, transdérmica. A remoção cirúrgica foi feita através de celiotomia e gastrotomia em ambiente aquático com temperatura, pH e coleção bacteriana controlados, conforme literatura disponível e tendo em consideração a natureza, diâmetro e localização dos corpos estranhos. Após cinco e quinze dias do procedimento, acompanhou-se a cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, sendo possível constatar bom restabelecimento da continuidade dos tecidos e bom estado geral do paciente.

The ingestion of foreign bodies in artificial aquariums is a frequent occurrence observed in the surgical clinic of amphibians raised as pets, which includes axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum). The present report describes a case of ingestion of seven foreign bodies in a male axolotl, five months old, with a history of irregular and irreducible bulging of the ventral body surface, with firm consistency. In the anamnesis, it was reported that the animal inhabited an aquariums with gravel substrate. On physical examination, the axolotl showed good general condition and vital parameters within the normal range for the species. The swallowed materials were identified in the gastric region by means of total body radiographic examination, and their characteristics were consistent with the substrate used in the patient's aquarium. As anesthetic protocol, immersion in Isofluorane and oxygen gas was prioritized, in order to reach the branchial and, occasionally, transdermal route. Surgical removal was performed through celiotomy and gastrotomy in an aquatic environment with controlled temperature, pH and bacterial collection, according to available literature and taking into account the nature, diameter and location of foreign bodies. After five and fifteen days of the procedure, the healing of the surgical wound was monitored, showing a good restoration of tissue continuity and a good general condition of the patient.

Masculinization in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by androgen immersion: The interaction effect of hormone concentration and immersion time / Masculinização na carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) por imersão em androgênio: Efeito da interação da concentração hormonal e do tempo de imersão

Synthetic androgens (male hormones) administered to fish nursery are being used in aquaculture to avoid sexual differentiation and unwanted spawning at the eggs or the first feeding fry stage of fish. Present trial was conducted with the aim to produce male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by egg immersion technique. Through this little insight, the effect of different hormone concentrations (17α-methyltestosterone @ HC:150, 300, 450 and 600 µgl-1) with immersion times (IT: 24, 48 and 72 hrs) and their interaction effect (HC x IT) on the hatching percentage of Cyprinus carpio eggs, percent survival and percent of male's production was evaluated specifically. Results showed that egg hatching percentage decreased with increased IT likewise, survival of treated fry was affected by increasing the IT (P<0.001). The main interaction effect of HC x IT showed that the highest percent of male individuals (95%) was obtained at 450-600 µgl-1 HC for 72 hrs IT, followed by 88-92.50% at 150-300 µgl-1 HC for 72-hrsof IT, 87.50% at 48-hrs of IT for rest of the hormone treatments, and lowest 47.50% was recorded in control (P<0.05). Increased percent male of Cyprinus carpio was obtained with increasing HC across all ITs. It was observed that the immersion treatment at 600µgl-1 for 72 hours was more effective to change the sex ratio of pre hatch Cyprinus carpio. A comparative outlook made from this experimental trial that sex induction of Cyprinus carpio by eggs immersion using synthetic male steroid hormone is an alternative safe technique of fish sex reversal in contrast to oral administration of hormone in fish feed.

Andrógenos sintéticos (hormônios masculinos) administrados ao viveiro de peixes estão sendo usados ​​na aquicultura para evitar a diferenciação sexual e a desova indesejada nos ovos ou no primeiro estágio de alimentação dos peixes. O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de produzir carpa comum masculina (Cyprinuscarpio) pela técnica de imersão em ovos. Com essa pequena percepção, o efeito de diferentes concentrações hormonais (17α-metiltestosterona @ HC: 150, 300, 450 e 600 µgl-1) com tempos de imersão (IT: 24, 48 e 72 horas) e seu efeito de interação (HC x IT) na porcentagem de eclosão dos ovos de Cyprinuscarpio, a porcentagem de sobrevivência e a porcentagem da produção masculina foram avaliadas especificamente. Os resultados mostraram que a porcentagem de incubação de ovos diminuiu com o aumento da TI da mesma forma, a sobrevivência dos alevinos tratados foi afetada pelo aumento da TI (P <0,001). O principal efeito de interação do HC x IT mostrou que o maior percentual de indivíduos do sexo masculino (95%) foi obtido com 450-600 µgl-1 HC por 72 horas de TI, seguido por 88-92,50% com 150-300 µgl-1 HC para 72 horas de TI, 87,50% às 48 horas de TI para o restante dos tratamentos hormonais, e 47,50% mais baixos foram registrados no controle (P <0,05). A porcentagem aumentada de macho de Cyprinuscarpio foi obtida com o aumento do HC em todas as TIs. Observou-se que o tratamento de imersão a 600µgl-1 por 72 horas foi mais efetivo na alteração da razão sexual do Cyprinuscarpio antes da eclosão. Uma perspectiva comparativa feita a partir deste ensaio experimental de que a indução sexual de Cyprinuscarpio por imersão de ovos usando hormônio esteróide masculino sintético é uma técnica alternativa segura de reversão do sexo em peixes, em contraste com a administração oral de hormônio na alimentação de peixes.

Status of Rhipicephalus microplus resistance to ivermectin, fipronil and fluazuron in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Status da resistência de Rhipicephalus microplus a ivermectina, fipronil e fluazuron em Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract Southern cattle tick resistance to pour-on and injectable acaricides has yet to be evaluated on a broader scope, and the paucity of information on the subject may hinder efforts to control this parasite. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance profile of ten populations of Rhipicephalus microplus to the acaricides fluazuron, fipronil and ivermectin in cattle herds in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The larval immersion test (LIT) was used to evaluate susceptibility to ivermectin and fipronil and the adult immersion test (AIT) was performed to evaluate fluazuron. Samples were randomly obtained in ten farms, and in general, we found resistance in five samples to fluazuron and in four samples to ivermectin and fipronil. Six samples showed incipient resistance to ivermectin and fipronil. Five of the ten evaluated samples showed resistance and/or incipient resistance to all the active ingredients, and the other five to two active ingredients. Among the samples classified as resistant, the average resistance ratio for ivermectin was 2.75 and 3.26 for fipronil. These results demonstrate the advanced status of resistance to the most modern chemical groups for the control of R. microplus in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Resumo A resistência do carrapato-do-boi a acaricidas com modo de aplicação "pour-on" e injetáveis é pouco avaliada em estudos mais abrangentes, e essa escassez de informação pode resultar falhas no seu controle. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil de resistência em dez populações de Rhipicephalus microplus aos acaricidas fluazuron, fipronil e ivermectina, em rebanhos bovinos em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A caracterização fenotípica da resistência foi realizada por meio do teste de imersão de adultos (AIT) para o fluazuron, e teste de imersão de larvas (LIT) para fipronil e ivermectina. As amostras foram obtidas aleatoriamente em dez fazendas, sendo diagnosticada resistência em cinco amostras ao fluazuron e em quatro amostras à ivermectina e fipronil. Seis amostras apresentaram resistência incipiente à ivermectina e fipronil. Cinco das dez amostras avaliadas apresentaram resistência e / ou resistência incipiente a todos os princípios ativos, e as outras cinco a dois princípios ativos. Entre as amostras classificadas como resistentes, a média do fator de resistência para ivermectina foi de 2,75 e de 3,26 para fipronil. Esses resultados demonstram o avançado estado de resistência aos mais modernos grupos químicos para o controle de R. microplus em Mato Grosso do Sul.

Effect of Cold Pressor Test (CPT) on Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure amongst Individuals with and without Family History of Hypertension.

It is an established fact that primary and secondary hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders have a familial predisposition. We also know that essential hypertension is the most common amongst hypertensives. The aim of our study was to find out effect of cold pressor test (CPT) on heart rate and blood pressure amongst individuals with and without family history of hypertension. MethodsPresent study was undertaken using within group design consisting of measurements at basal and CPT and the parameters studied were pulse rate and Blood pressure. ResultsIn our study we found that in males with family history of HT (n=15), the mean basal pulse rate was 78.33 beats/min and following CPT it increased to 85.73. Similarly, in males without family history of HT (n=18) mean basal pulse rate was 77.28 beats/min and following CPT it increased to 86.72 beats/min. In both cases it was statistically significant. But it is observed that in case of females with family history of HT (n= 20) mean basal pulse rate was 80.9 beats/min and following CPT it increased to 89.1. Similarly, in Females without family history of HT (n=26) mean basal pulse rate was 77.15 beats/min and following CPT it increased to 84.73 beats/min and in both these cases, it was statistically significant. In males with family history of HT (n=15), mean basal SBP was 115.13 mmHg and following CPT increased to 123.93 and this was statistically significant and the mean DBP was 74.67 mmHg and following CPT it increased to 79.82 mmHg and it was not statistically significant. In males without family history of HT (n=18) mean basal SBP was 114.67 mmHg and following CPT it was increased to 122.89 mmHg and increase was statistically significant and mean DBP was 74.44 mmHg and following CPT it increased to 76.33 mmHg and this increase was not statistically significant. In females with family with family history of HT (n=20) the mean SBP was 114.2 mmHg and following CPT it increased to 121.9 mmHg and it was statistically significant and the mean DBP was 73.75 mmHg and following CPT it increased to 78.80 mmHg and it was not statistically significant. In females without family history of HT (n= 26) the mean basal SBP was 108.23 mmHg and following CPT it increased to 117.08 mmHg and the mean basal DBP was 69.92 mmHg and following CPT it was increased to 76.69 mmHg this increase in both the cases was statistically significant (table 1,2). In both the groups, none of the subjects was found to be hyperreactive to either systolic or diastolic blood pressure when they were subjected to CPT. ConclusionsIn both the groups, subjects were found to be hyporeactive or normoreactive to either systolic or diastolic blood pressure when they were subjected to CPT. But increase in basal blood pressure response is known to be due to CPT.

Ressecção da mucosa endoscópica sob imersão dágua para lesões colorretais não pediculadas. Um estudo prospectivo de braço único / Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for non-pedunculated colorectal lesions. a prospective single-arm study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has emerged as a revolutionary method allowing resection of colorectal lesions without submucosal injection. Brazilian literature about this technique is sparse. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was evaluate the efficacy and safety of UEMR technique for removing non-pedunculated colorectal lesions in two Brazilian tertiary centers. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted between June 2016 and May 2017. Naïve and non-pedunculated lesions without signs of submucosal invasion were resected using UEMR technique. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients with 65 lesions were included. All lesions, except one, were successfully and completely removed by UEMR (success rate 98.5%). During UEMR, two cases of bleeding were observed (3.0%). One patient had abdominal pain on the day after resection without pneumoperitoneum. There was no perforation or delayed bleeding. CONCLUSION: This study supports the existing data indicating acceptable rates of technical success, and low incidence of adverse events with UEMR. The results of this Brazilian study were consistent with previous abroad studies.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A ressecção endoscópica da mucosa sob imersão d'água (REMS) surgiu como um método revolucionário que permite a ressecção de lesões colorretais sem injeção submucosa. A literatura brasileira sobre essa técnica é escassa. OBJETIVO: A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança da técnica REMS na remoção de lesões colorretais não pediculadas em dois centros terciários brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo foi realizado entre junho de 2016 e maio de 2017. As lesões sem tentativa de ressecção prévia, não pediculadas e sem sinais de invasão submucosa foram ressecadas pela técnica REMS. RESULTADOS: Um total de 55 pacientes com 65 lesões foram incluídos. Todas as lesões, exceto uma, foram removidas com sucesso e completamente por REMS (taxa de sucesso de 98,5%). Durante a REMS, foram observados dois casos de sangramento (3,0%). Uma paciente apresentou dor abdominal no dia seguinte à ressecção sem pneumoperitônio. Não houve perfuração ou sangramento tardio. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo apoia os dados existentes, indicando taxas aceitáveis de sucesso técnico e baixa incidência de eventos adversos com a REMS. Os resultados deste estudo brasileiro foram consistentes com estudos internacionais prévios.

Study of Effect of Shavasana on Handgrip and Cold Pressor Test on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Young Adults.

Shavasana or a corpse pose is the final pose of a yoga flow. When practiced regularly it is known to restore the body and mind. Aim of our present study was to investigate the effects of shavasana on handgrip and cold pressor test on heart rate and blood pressure in apparently healthy young adults. In today’s world all of us are under constant stress and majority of individuals with sedentary lifestyle suffer from hypertension and each of us react differently to varied internal and external stimuli.METHODSFor convenience, we took 300 apparently healthy medical students of both sexes in the age group of 18 to 22 years and a comparative study was carried out among them. Their basal pulse and BP were recorded from dominant hand. For Hand Grip Test (HGT) handgrip dynamometer (INCO) was used by left hand, and pulse and BP from right hand was recorded and similarly Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was carried out by immersing left hand up to wrist joint in cold water mixed with ice cubes to maintain temperature at 40C and pulse and BP was recorded from right hand. Shavasana was performed for 15 minutes by lying down on the wooden couch, with eyes closed and lying on back, keeping arms six inches away from the body and legs and feet “drop” open and palms facing upwards and concentrating on their breathing, after which pulse and BP was recorded. This was carried out for a period of 30 days.RESULTSData was collected and analysed using paired ‘t’ test and paired differences were calculated using 95% confidence interval of the difference and p value of < 0.05 was taken as scientifically significant. In our study we found that there is significant decrease in basal pulse rate, when compared with CPT, immediately and after performing shavasana for a period of one month, and there was significant increase in pulse rate following HGT (p< 0.001) (table 1 and graph 1). Compared to basal, SBP and DBP, it was observed that there is significant decrease; immediately and after performing shavasana for one month and significant increase with HGT and CPT was observed (p<0.001) (table 1 and graph 1).CONCLUSIONSThere is a significant decrease in basal pulse rate, when compared with CPT, immediately and after performing shavasana for a period of one month, and there was significant increase in pulse rate following HGT (p< 0.001) (table 1 and graph 1). Compared to basal, SBP and DBP it was observed that there is significant decrease; immediately and after performing shavasana for one month and significant increase with HGT and CPT was observed (p<0.001) (table 1 and graph 1).

Evaluation of anti-nociceptive effect of venlafaxine in experimental animal model of mice

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation with varying subjective experience. Its management is always challenging for physicians particularly in case of chronic pain. Chronic pain and depression usually co-exist due to poor quality of life and increase in health care costs posing an individual to suffer from depression. Anti-depressants for pain management are being used successfully using since years. In this study venlafaxine, a newer anti-depressant drug was evaluated for anti-nociceptive activity, tail immersion test an analgesic animal model of albino mice.Methods: Randomly selected albino mice of either sex with reaction time of <6 seconds were included in the study and divided into 7 groups with 6 mice in each group. Grouping was done based on the drug received i.e., venlafaxine 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg, tramadol 10 and 20 mg/kg, control group (normal saline) and combination group venlafaxine 15 mg/kg+tramadol 10 mg/kg. Drugs were administered by intra-peritoneal route.Results: Venlafaxine (30 and 60 mg/kg), tramadol (20 mg/kg) and combination group venlafaxine (15 mg/kg+tramadol 10 mg/kg) has shown significant (p<0.001) increase in tail withdrawal latency compared to control group (normal saline) by tail immersion test. Venlafaxine potentiated anti-nociceptive activity of tramadol on concomitant administration with tramadol. Venlafaxine at 60 mg/kg has comparable anti-nociceptive effect to tramadol at 20 mg/kg.Conclusions: Venlafaxine at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg is having anti-nociceptive effect, but less potent than tramadol.

Schinus terebinthifolius essential oil and fractions in the control of Aedes aegypti / Schinus terebinthifolius óleo essencial e frações no controle do Aedes aegypti

Several technologies have been developed to controlAedes aegypti, mainly studies on isolated plant molecules. The Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi) (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as pink pepper is a plant widely used in reforestation of degraded areas and its fruits are used as condiments. The objective of this work was to investigate the potential of essential oils (EOs) and fractions (FRs) obtained from fresh fruits and leaves of S. terebinthifolius. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation (2 hours), fractionated on a chromatographic column using as the stationary phase silica gel 60 (0.063-0.2mm), mobile phases: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol and chemically evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). EOs and FRs were tested against larvae of the third stage and pupae of Ae. aegypti by Immersion Test at concentrations ranging from 500.00 to 0.003 mg mL-1 (v/v). The hexane FRs obtained from fruits and leaves were the ones that showed the greatest activity on the larvae (LC99.9= 0.60 mg mL-1 and LC99.9 0.64 mg mL-1, respectively) and pupae (LC99,9 = 2.51 mg mL-1 and 2.61 mg mL-1, respectively). These results were confirmed by the anticholinesterase activity where the hexane (fruit and leaf) FRs presented the highest inhibitory potential on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (0.156 mg mL-1 and 0.312 mg mL-1, respectively), suggesting the likely mechanism of action. The larvicidal potential can be explained by the presence of the major compounds bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the hexane FRs, indicating in this way that they may replace or even act in synergisms with conventional chemical larvicides. In this way the present study opens the field for new researches, aiming the development of products with the compounds bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D, as an alternative in the control of this culicide.

Diversas tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas para o controle do Aedes aegypti, destacando pesquisas com moléculas isoladas de plantas. A Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi) (Anacardiaceae), conhecida popularmente como pimenta rosa é uma planta muito utilizada no reflorestamento de áreas degradadas e seus frutos são utilizados como condimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o potencial dos óleosessenciais (OEs) e frações (FRs) obtidos dos frutos e folhas frescos de S. terebinthifolius. Os OEs foram obtidos por hidrodestilação (2 horas), fracionados em coluna cromatográfica utilizando como fase estacionária sílica gel 60 (0,063-0,2mm), fases móveis: n-hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol e avaliados quimicamente por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Os OEs e FRs foram testados frente a larvas do terceiro estádio e pupas do Ae. aegypti pelo Teste de Imersão em concentrações que variaram de 500,00 à 0,003 mg/mL (v/v). As FRs hexano obtidas dos frutos e folhas, foram as que apresentaram maior atividade sobre as larvas (CL99,9= 0,60 mg mL-1 e CL99,9 0,64 mg mL-1, respectivamente) e pupas (CL99,9= 2,51mg mL-1 e 2,61 mg mL-1, respectivamente). Estes resultados foram confirmados pela atividade anticolinesterase onde as FRs hexano (fruto e folha), foram as que apresentaram maior potencial inibitório sobre a enzima acetilcolinesterase (0,156 mg mL-1 e 0,312 mg mL-1, respectivamente), sugerindo desta forma o provável mecanismo de ação. O potencial larvicida encontrado pode ser explicado pela presença dos compostos majoritários biciclogermacreno e germacreno D nas FRs hexano, indicando desta forma, queestes possam vir a substituir, ou até mesmo agir em sinergismos com os larvicidas químicos convencionais. Desta forma o presente estudo abre campo para novas pesquisas, visando o desenvolvimento de produtos com os compostos bicyclogermacrene e germacrene D, como alternativa no controle deste culicídeo.

Evaluation of analgesic activity of Toxicodendron radicans in animal model using wistar albino rats

Background: Pain forms an integral part of many clinical conditions management is of great importance in every field of medicine. The core of medicine is to preserve and restore patient’s health and to minimize their suffering. Toxicodendron radicans (rhus toxicodendron) is a homoeopathic remedy with anti-inflammatory activity used for various arthritic pain. Rhus toxicodendron is commonly used in skin, mucus membrane affections, pain in joints, tendons, rheumatism in cold season, cellulitis and infection, fever. During the recent exponential rise in the use of alternative medicines and increasing integration into the health service little research has been done on alternative medicine in the context in which it is practiced.Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. group 1 received control (normal saline), group 2 received vehicle (alcohol with distilled water in ratio 1:4), and group 3 received standard (diclofenac-10 mg/kg), group 4 and 5 consist of 2 test groups-rhus toxicodendron 30x and 200c respectively. Analgesic activity was assessed using Hot water tail immersion method and Eddy’s hot plate method. Preliminary pilot study was done with 4 doses rhus toxicodendron 6x, 12x, 30x, 200c respectively. Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate method, rhus toxicodendron 30 showed increase in paw withdrawal time which was statistically very significant at the end of 1 hr compared to the control group whereas statistically rhus toxicodendron 200 showed extremely significant analgesic property. In hot water tail immersion method rhus toxicodendron 30 showed increase in tail withdrawal time at the end of 1hr compared to the control group which was significant statistically.Conclusions: This study shows that toxicodendron radicans homoeopathic formulations possess significant analgesic property.